Proposed IR, UV and VUV Beamlines
Last modified: 2010-02-03
Two infrared beamlines on the 1.5 GeV ring, MAX IV
The infrared beam line at MAX-lab is one of the pioneering beamlines in the field along with Brookhaven
in the US and LURE in France. The high-resolution infrared beamline at MAX I was the first to demonstrate
the feasibility of synchrotron light for high resolution experiments. Today infrared beamlines are found or
are planed at 27 different light sources around the world and at least 7 of them will offer high-resolution
endstations. In practice, SR light is also the only continuous light source in the far-infrared region.
In this region relative motion between molecules can be studied. For instance the hydrogen bond of a water
dimer is the archetype for aqueous hydrogen bonding and as such holds the key to many of the remarkable
properties of water. The intermolecular vibrational modes of seven the different isotopes mixtures
(HDO/HDO D
2O/HDO etc ... ), isotopologues, in the dimer was for the first time experimentally determined
on this beamline. This motion was previously experimentally determined for the H
2O/H
2O dimer only.
One beamline will be set up for infrared spectroscopy and one beamline will set up for high spatial resolution
in real space, infrared microspectroscopy. The former will offer high spectral resolution and access to the
THz or far-infrared region using two different spectrometers.
High-resolution and Far-infrared spectroscopy
High-resolution spectrometer
Spectral range:
600 - 50 000 cm
-1, resolution < 0.001cm
-1
Scientific Opportunities:
Fundamental studies intramolecular vibrations at maximum resolution
Gas phase studies of rare compounds in atmospheric chemistry
Collisional cooling of gas phase molecules
Molecular beam, super sonic jets, studies of molecular complexes, e.g. water
Far-infrared spectrometer
Spectral range: 5 - 10 0000 cm
-1, resolution: 0.07 cm
-1
Equipped with step scan and rapid scan facilities, high stability
Scientific Opportunities:
Low-temperature, below 2.8 K, molecular clusters
Pump-probe experiments, laser pumped
High pressure experiments, GPa region
Low-temperature surface far infrared spectroscopy
Infrared microspectroscopy or chemical microscopy
Today 27 different light sources are offering infrared beamlines and most of them will be equipped with
endstations for infrared microscopy. The technique makes it possible to make images in real space, typically
350 x 350 micrometers. These images have a spatial resolution down to 10x10 micrometers and shows the spatial
distribution of different chemical species on a samples without any special preparation.
This endstation is already in operation an will be moved from MAX III to MAX IV.
Microscope
Hyperion 3000,
Infrared spectrometer
Bruker 66v spectral range: 10 - 10 0000 cm
-1, resolution: 0.25 cm
-1
Scientific Opportunities:
Biology (cholesterol in mouse brain)
Pharmaceutical science (studies of human skin model systems)
Geology (preservation of biomolecules over deep time)
Material Science (indoor corrosion of copper)
Atmospheric chemistry (surface chemistry of levitate small particles ~ 10 - 50 micrometer in vacuum)
Combustion chemistry (chemical properties of sooth particles)
Environmental chemistry (surface adsorption on Birch pollens)
Fast track analysis of materials for industry
Archeology (studies of wood)
Contact person
Per Uvdal, Chemical Physics, Lund University
Last modified: 2010-02-01
Relocating beamline I3 on MAX III
Beamline I3 is an ultra high resolution normal incidence monochromator beamline (5-50 eV) with a resolving power
of more than 100000 and sourced by an apple type variable polarization undulator. There are two branch lines:
One branch line is used for photoelectron spectroscopy on solids using an experimental station for high
resolution angle resolved photoemission, including spin detection. An on-line III-V MBE system is also available.
A second branch line (FINEST – built by the Finnish-Estonian collaboration) is equipped with a differential
pumping stage to allow for gas phase measurements and it is constructed for easy exchange of end-stations.
Its main use is for atomic and molecular spectroscopy and luminescence measurements.
This monochromator will be competitive for more than a decade with some upgrades of the end stations and beamline.
Since MAX III shut down is imminet when MAX IV is built, it is a natural to move I3 on to the 1.5 GeV ring. The main
concern of this move is the increased heat load. Preliminary calculations using a typical undulator and a typical
acceptance angle show that the heat load on the first mirror increases by a factor of 10 and heat loads on subsequent
optical elements down stream will be similar to MAX III.
We need further investigations on how to manage these heat loads. Apart from all the pre-optics, one must replace the present undulator as this would not cover the energy range when moved to the 1.5 GeV ring.
Contact person
Balasubramanian Thiagarajan, MAX-lab
Last modified: 2010-02-15
Beamline I4 on MAX III
Beamline I4 is a spherical grating monochromator beamline with energy range 13-200 eV, which has been moved from
the bending magnet on MAX I (beamline 33) to a planar undulator on MAX III. The beamline is used for angle resolved
and shallow core level photoelectron spectroscopy from solids.
We suggest to build a new beamline with a wider energy range (10-350eV) with high energy resolution and higher order suppression.
This type of monochromator has already been made at other synchrotrons, so this is a realistic possibility. Higher
energy core levels could be accessed (e.g. carbon). Presently, some of the users on I4 also work on the soft x-ray
beamlines to study core levels with high resolution. In a typical beamtime more time is spent on the sample
preparations than on data collection. A beamline with a wider energy range and higher energy resolution over
the entire energy range would not only save time and give users a competitive edge, but also reduce the load
on other beamlines. Last but not the least, this would allow for a very quick transfer from MAX III to the 1.5
GeV ring thereby reducing the dead time.
Contact person
Roger Uhrberg, Linköping University
