 |
|
Last modified:
2010-02-11 Beamline Projects for MAX IV
This is a short description of the beamline projects that have been identified and proposed in connection with the Conceptual Design Report (CDR) from 2006 and at later workshops. There has been a revision on some of the beamlines described in the CDR. The projects have not been listed in any type of priority order. Note this is a document in progress and updates will be continuously added. February 3, 2010 Hard X-ray BeamlinesLast modified: 2010-02-01 High-Throughput Macromolecular Crystallography BeamlineThis beamline will be a world class facility for challenging macromolecular crystallography work allowing structure determinations of e.g. membrane proteins, viruses and large assemblies. Macromolecular crystallography is the most important structure determination method allowing the structural biology community to determine the molecular basis for biological functions. This gives important input to the full span from fundamental life science research to pharmaceutical industry.The beamline will be highly automated to allow high-throughput screening and data collection. The beamline will have XAFS capability allowing optimal use of anomalous signals for phasing but also to give complementary structural information. There will also be equipment for microspectrometry (e.g. UV/Vis) for complementary spectroscopic information. The beamline will be fully energy tunable and also allows work with small crystals though it will not be optimal for crystals below 20 µm. The beamline optics will allow work with an unfocused beam for use with larger crystals (full beam size of the order of 0.5 mm). As an option a fixed energy side station could be built using a diamond monochromator upstream of the optical elements of the high-throughput station. For ease of use this would require two undulators but this allows an additional station, at a relatively low cost, that could be used e.g. for sample screening. Photon energy range Rapidly tunable within 5 – 25 keV Source In-vacuum undulator Optics Liquid nitrogen cooled double crystal monochromator. Focusing by a set of KB mirrors. Optional configuration with unfocused beam to be able to work with larger sized crystals. Beam at sample Variable focus 20 - 100 µm with an option of unfocused beam that would suit crystals larger than 100 µm. Experiment equipment UV/Vis microspectrometry, set-up for XAFS Contact persons Thomas Ursby, MAX-lab & Marjolein Thunnissen, Molecular Biophysics, Lund University Last modified: 2010-02-03 Microfocus Beamline for Macromolecular CrystallographyVery intense and focused beams for Macromolecular Crystallography are a necessity for large complexes but also for macromolecules of normal size for which only small crystals can be grown. This is frequently the case with material that is difficult to express in large quantities, but also with membrane proteins or other complex materials. Working with micrometer sized crystals is more challenging and will require more work optimizing the data collection set-up and strategy. Nevertheless, this implies high throughput methods since in some cases a very large number of crystals will have to be screened and used due to the short crystal life time and possibly varying crystal quality. The capability to study small samples is an area in which MAX IV will be highly competitive and can be a world-leading facility. This beamline will take advantage of the ultra-low emittance of MAX IV giving the possibility to work with 1 um beam with high flux and reasonable divergence due to the ultra-low emittance of the MAX IV 3 GeV ring. This will allow optimal data quality from 1 µm crystals but also allow to probe the best parts of larger crystals.Complementary information from XAFS and spectroscopy is desirable and it will therefore be available at the beamline, though it will be difficult to obtain good quality signals from the smallest crystals. The beamline will extend outside the normal energy range of macromolecular crystallography beamlines by reaching up to 25 keV. There are studies indicating that the radiation damage will be reduced for microcrystals at these energies. Photon energy range: Rapidly tunable within 5 – 25 keV. Source: In-vacuum undulator Optics: Liquid nitrogen cooled double crystal monochromator with an optional multilayer monochromator. Depending on available mirror quality the focusing could be achieved e.g. by a double KB set of mirrors for full tunability or with one set of KB mirrors and possibly using compound refractive lenses for the smallest focus sizes. Beam at sample: Beam size 1 µm, possibly the focus will be tunable between 10 and 1 µm. Fully energy tunable. Experiment equipment: UV/Vis microspectrometry, set-up for XAFS Contact persons Thomas Ursby, MAX-lab & Marjolein Thunnissen, Molecular Biophysics, Lund University Last modified: 2010-02-18 Two Nanofocus Beamlines (NANO-1 & NANO-2)MAX IV nanobeamlines features.
Abbreviations XRD: X-Ray Diffraction XRF: X-Ray Fluorescence TOM: Tomography CXDI: Coherent X-Ray Diffraction Imaging SAXS: Small-Angle X-Ray Scattering GISAXS: Grazing Incidence Small-Angle X-ray Scattering XRI: X-Ray Imaging XAS: X-Ray Absorption Spectroscopy NEXAFS: Near Edge X-Ray Absorption Spectroscopy, EXAFS: Extended X-Ray Absorption Spectroscopy. Contact person Åke Kvick, MAX-lab Last modified: 2010-02-03 Multipurpose SAXS/ WAXS BeamlineAn undulator based beamline for small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) experiments with simultaneous wide angle X-ray scattering WAXS capacity. The unique low emittance on the MAX IV 3 GeV ring will permit a design where a small X-ray spot size can be combined with a very small divergence. It permits keeping a small spot size on the sample while extending the sample to detector distance to be able to measure very small scattering angles.Source In-vacuum undulator Energy Range 5 – 30 keV Spot size Variable focus down to 20 µm The SAXS set-up will be of a pinhole camera type where the sample to detector distance can be varied to up to 10 m. A separate detector system for simultaneous WAXS measurements will be mounted next to the sample. The continuous and tunable energy will allow anomalous SAXS (ASAXS). There will be possibilities for windowless measurements which are essential for weakly scattering samples. The experimental set-up will be equipped with a generous amount of different sample environments including temperature control, flow, stop flow and shear cells. The set up will permit the use of an additional goniostat for grazing incidence SAXS (GISAXS) measurements. It could be considered to be using this type of beamline also for X-ray Photon Correlation Spectroscopy experiments. Contact person Yngve Cerenius, MAX-lab Ulf Olsson, Physical Chemistry 1, Lund University Last modified: 2010-02-03 X-ray Diffraction BeamlineX-ray diffraction on powders and single crystals require the highest angular resolutions to resolve overlapping peaks for space-group symmetry determination, as well as extremely high flux densities to obtain accurate intensities of weak satellite reflections from e.g. aperiodic crystal structures. Surface and thin-film diffraction studies greatly benefit from micro-focused high-brilliance X-ray beams. It is therefore proposed to construct a combined beamline with facilities for the following type of experiments:The beamline should be based on a high brilliance undulator source, providing the means for focusing X-ray beams on micrometer sized single-crystals, or for performing grazing-incidence measurements in surface and thin-film research. The undulator source combined with a stable monochromator also constitutes the ultimate photon source for advanced powder diffraction experiments. Thus, the beamline will be equipped with three experimental stations: A powder diffractometer (PD), a single-crystal (SC) diffractometer, and a surface diffractometer (SD). Pre-aligned individual focusing optics will be used for fast change between experimental techniques.
Contact person Jeppe Christensen, MAX-lab Last modified: 2010-02-03 Tomography BeamlineNon-destructive imaging in 2 or 3 dimensions has shown its usefulness at synchrotron sources for a very wide range of materials, ranging from metals, rocks, and ceramics to soft tissues. The high degree of coherence of the X-ray beam at the MAX IV facility could be utilized for phase contrast imaging. The design of the beamline and end station will permit a large range of imaging methods in 2 and 3 dimensions. High resolution absorption microtomography and phase contrast enhanced microtomography is expected to be standard experimental techniques of the beamline but the possibility to add other experimental techniques such as X-ray Fluorescence Computed Tomography or Coherent Diffraction Imaging in order to obtain also chemical and structural information must be carefully investigated.The beamline should be based on a superconducting wiggler source, with an acceptance angle of 1 * 0.1 mrad, providing competitive photon flux levels in the energy range 10 - 100 keV. The number of optical components should be kept to a minimum to ensure best possible beam quality but there will be a double crystal monochromator placed as close to the source as possible so it can accept the full 1 mrad wide fan of wiggler radiation. There will be a white or pink beam option for high flux application (e.g. for fast in situ experiments). The experimental set-up will consist of a high resolution area detector combined with a high-precision sample manipulator. The distance between detector and manipulator can be varied over several meters allowing not only different types of sample environments, imaging systems or other types of detectors, but also utilizing the coherence effects of the X-ray beam. Contact person Yngve Cerenius, MAX-lab Last modified: 2010-02-03 High Energy Photoemission (HIKE)Photoemission using high photon and kinetic energies, often referred to as HAXPES (Hard X-ray PhotoElectron Spectroscopy), is emerging as a technique of great value for materials science, both in fundamental and applied research. This HAXPES beamline will offer versatility in sample environment, focussing and energy resolution, depending upon the demands of the users. Two endstations are envisioned: one for studies under UHV conditions, offering standard preparation tools such as sputtering and evaporation etc.; and another for studies of gaseous or outgassing samples, such as volatile liquids, or experiments at ambient pressure. The beamline will use a high-resolution post-monochromator, which will allow continuous choice of excitation energy, for resonant studies. A high flux mode, using only the heat load monochromator, will also be available.Photon energy range 2-15 keV Source In-vacuum undulator Monochromator Si (111) heatload monochromator, retractable high-resolution post-monochromator (asymmetric cut 4-bounce monochromator with several sets of crystals to cover full energy range). Energy resolution below 100 meV over the full energy range. Polarization Circular polarization using λ/4-plate (hν>4 keV); linear polarization in any plane by combining two λ/4-plates. Spot size UHV endstation ~1x1 µm2 using KB mirrors. High ambient pressure endstation ~30x200 µm2. Equipment UHV endstation – High-resolution photoelectron spectrometer, 0-10 keV, with optional spin detector. He discharge lamp for off-line tests. XRF detector. Preparation chamber with standard sample prepaparation equipment (sputtering, LEED, evaporators etc.). High ambient pressure endstation – High-resolution photoelectron spectrometer, 0-10 keV, allowing high ambient pressures. XRF detector Contact person Gunnar Öhrwall, MAX-lab Last modified: 2010-02-10 XAFS Spectroscopy BeamlineThis beamline will facilitate bulk-XAFS spectroscopy and micro-XAFS spectroscopy divided at two endstations. This high flux undulator based beamline will offer measurements on highly diluted samples in sub-ppm range on systems in catalysis, environmental, geological, biochemical and materials sciences. The scanning capabilities of the monochromator will allow fast and complete EXAFS energy scans with time resolution in seconds, and also short XANES scans in the millisecond time scale. Microfocus XAFS combined with XRF element mapping, as well as fluorescence yield measurements will be important beamline techniques.Photon energy range 4-30 keV Source In-vacuum undulator Monochromator Cryogenically cooled DCM with in vacuum interchangeable Si (111) and Si(311) crystals. Spot size Bulk XAFS endstation ~1x1 mm2. Microfocus endsatation <1x1 µm2 using KB mirrors. Equipment Sample chamber for in-situ measurements, compatible for measurements at ambient pressure, vacuum and high pressure experiments. Cryostat for measurements down to 10 K and oven for experiments at high temperatures. Detectors for XAFS measurements, XRF element mapping and total electron yield measurements. Contact person Katarina Norén, MAX-lab Last modified: 2010-02-10 Environmental Science BeamlineThe Environmental Science beamline will be dedicated to XAFS spectroscopy measurements within the tender X-ray energy range 1-4 keV, covering the K adsorption edges from Mg to Ca. In order to accommodate interest from a broad research community including environmental, earth and planetary sciences, and biological, catalysis and materials research, this beamline will offer versatility in sample environment and focusing of the beam. Two endstations are envisioned, one for bulk XAFS spectroscopy and another for microfocus XAFS spectroscopy and X-ray fluorescence (XRF) element mapping.Efforts are already made to build the bulk XAFS spectroscopy part of this beamline at the 1.5 GeV MAX II ring, and to move it and upgrade it with the microfocus endstation at the 1.5 GeV ring at the MAX IV facility. Photon energy range 1-4 keV Source In-vacuum undulator at the 1.5 GeV ring Monochromator Water cooled DCM with three pairs of in vacuum interchangeable crystals: KTP (011), InSb (111) and Si (111). Spot size Bulk XAFS endstation ~1x1 mm2 Microfocus endsatation ~1x1 µm2 using KB mirrors Equipment Sample chamber for in-situ measurements, compatible for measurements at ambient pressure, vacuum and high pressure experiments. Cryostat for measurements down to 10 K and oven for experiments at high temperature. Detectors for XAFS measurements, XRF element mapping and total electron yield measurements. Contact person Katarina Norén, MAX-lab Last modified: 2010-02-18 Material Science BeamlineThe Materials Science researcher has many different techniques in the toolbox, such as X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) techniques. This beamline is dedicated to high-energy XAS and XRD experiments, and is complementary to the MAX IV undulator based beamlines operating below 30 keV. It is anticipated that the beamline will be used as a workhorse for several fundamental experimental techniques:A super-conducting wiggler source should be used to obtain world-wide competitive photon flux levels in the energy range 30 - 100 keV, and a versatile optical scheme will provide stable beams on both the XAS and XRD experimental stations.
Contact person Stefan Carlson, MAX-lab Soft X-ray BeamlinesLast modified: 2010-02-15 This document is an attempt to create a starting point for discussions concerning the Soft X-ray beamlines at MAX IV. It is not a final description of what will happen. As obvious this document is very much in an "under construction" phase.General principles The CDR has been the starting point regarding beamlines and scientific case(s). Most beamlines have at least two branches/experimental stations. Off beamline equipment for preparation and characterization is important. This may be SEM, AFM and STM for characterization of the structure on various length scales as well as other equipment for e.g. electrical measurements. Also some preparation facilities are needed. It would be beneficial if samples can be transferred from here to the experimental stations under vacuum, i.e. using vacuum suitcases. Some beamlines may benefit much from an integrated STM or AFM for simple sample characterization. Standardize as much as possible; sample-holders, transfer systems, manipulators, monochromators etc. We may have to change the refocusing optics for some of the relocated beamlines but in most cases it may be reusable. "Transferred" means "transferred to the1.5 GeV ring" Last modified: 2010-02-18 Reference groupA group has been formed in order to create a coordinated effort on soft X-ray beamlines and techniques at MAX IV and to provide local contact points for the initial stage of the process. The group is composed of:Jesper N Andersen, jesper.andersen@sljus.lu.se, Lund University, Chair Magnus Skoglund, skoglund@chalmers.se, Chalmers University Mats Göthelid, gothelid@kth.se, Royal Institute of Technology Franz Hennies, franz.hennies@maxlab.lu.se, MAX-lab and Uppsala University Svante Svensson, svante.svensson@fysik.uu.se, Uppsala University Olof (Charlie) Karis olof.karis@fysik.uu.se, Uppsala University Ib Chorkendorff, ibchork@fysik.dtu.dk, Technical University of Denmark Janusz Kanski, janusz.kanski@chalmers.se, Chalmers University Anders Sandell, anders.sandell@fysik.uu.se, Uppsala University Oscar Tjernberg, oscar@kth.se, Royal Institute of Technology Edwin Kukk, ekukk@utu.fi, Turku University, Finland Roger Uhrberg, rub@ifm.liu.se, Linköping University Mika Valden, mika.valden@tut.fi, Tampere University of Technology, Finland Anne Borg, anne.borg@phys.ntnu.no, NTNU, Norway Lars Johansson, lars.johansson@kau.se, Karlstad University Georg Held, g.held@reading.ac.uk, Reading University, UK Bogdan Kowalski, kowab@ifpan.edu.pl, Polish Academy of Sciences, Poland Vytautas Karpus, karpus@pfi.lt, Semiconductor Physics Institute, Vilnius, Lithuania Researchers with an interest in soft X-ray developments at MAX IV should contact this group either via their local contacts or by e-mailing Jesper N Andersen Writing groups For each soft X-ray and VUV beamline in the list below we have now defined "writing groups" which are in the process of preparing the proposals. Names and contact details of the person(s) in charge of these groups for the individual beamline proposals are given after the description of each beamline. The (expected) situation at MAX II at the time of completion of MAX IVI511: New undulator, EPU. New monochromator (collimated PGM) with new low energy RIXS and new High Pressure Photoemission endstations. This is funded by two separate Wallenberg donations. We denote this "511new". The old 511 monochromator will be in storage. The current endstations will be in storage The old planar undulator will be in storage. We denote this "511old". I411: As today for gas-phase and "dirty matter" (outgassing samples, liquids). I311: As today (Scienta + PEEM endstations) but with a new planar undulator lattice. Most likely the PEEM will have been upgraded with aberration correction (better transmission, better spatial resolution) D1011: As today. Note that the monochromator is not water-cooled thus it can only use a bend magnet. I1011: As today plus equipment for coherent scattering and imaging. Last modified: 2010-02-15 Beamline 1 (new) Microscopy and SpectroscopyElliptically Polarized UndulatorThe spot size should be as small as possible but also allow uniform illumination of an at least 20x20 micrometer spot. To get to so small spot size we need a 2-stage focusing solution at least for the horizontal focusing. Flux should be maximized. Energy range from ca. 70 eV to 1 keV. End stations: 1) PEEM The PEEM is the existing one at 311 (upgraded with aberration correction) Spatial resolution should get into the 1-2 nm range with this upgrade. The energy resolution of the PEEM is now below 100 meV which should be matched by the monochromator at least up to 400 eV. Very much points to a CPGM with 1200 and 3-400 lines gratings) 2) Spectroscopy (Photoemission, XAS, CMD) Very good UHV The improved performance of the CPGM (compared to the old MAX II PGM) monochromator of this beamline is needed for continuing the strong Swedish tradition in high resolved electron spectroscopies into the future. New large hemispherical analyzer with possibilities for angle resolved mode, detectors on the hemispherical analyzer need to be discussed (e.g., spin detection). XAS detectors etc. It would be good if samples can be transferred under vacuum to and from the PEEM end station. 3) A STXM could be put at a 3rd branch Contact persons Alexei Zakharov, MAX-lab Karina Schulte, MAX-lab (XSTM) Last modified: 2010-02-15 Beamline 2 (transferred) RIXS and High Pressure PhotoemissionElliptically Polarized UndulatorThis is the 511 new beamline and endstations. The undulator should be new in order to make use of the slightly longer straight sections, in particular if the 511 new EPU can be used at another beamline. Note that the high pressure photoemission endstation also allows measurements with UHV in the 10-10 torr range. Contact persons Franz Hennies, MAX-lab Hans Siegbahn, Uppsala University Last modified: 2010-02-15 Beamline 3 (transferred to the 3GeV ring)What exists at I1011 at the time of the move+ A new PEEM inclusive the refocusing optics needed to get to a very small light spot (micron size) in order to increase the flux per area. The 3 GeV ring has a smaller beam size thus focusing to small spot size is easier and most importantly the 1st harmonic of the undulator goes up to 1 keV so one can get 100% circularly polarized light at higher photon energies than at the 1.5 GeV ring. + A second branch for coherent imaging/diffraction and "non-coherent" diffraction/reflectivity with magnetic contrast. Contact person Matts Björck, MAX-lab Last modified: 2010-02-15 Beamline 4 (NEW at the 3 GeV ring) for Gas-phaseUsing the high brilliance of the 3.0 GeV ring, one beamline will cover the higher energy range (˜200-2000 eV) with extremely high resolution (resolving power > 105 at lower energy limit). This beamline will provide variable polarization radiation from an elliptically polarizing undulator. This beamline will have a permanent endstation with a high-resolution electron spectrometer, with optional spin-resolving detector. There will also be provisions to allow users to mount their own experiments, e.g. coincidence set-ups or X-ray emission and photon fluorescence end stations, at the beamlineContact person Edwin Kukk, Turku University Last modified: 2010-02-15 Beamline 5 (NEW at the 3 GeV ring) Very High Resolution Soft X-ray SpectroscopyThe beamline is optimized to deliver high intensity, sharply monochromatized X-rays in the range 250 to 1000 eV with variable polarization, making full use of the very low emittance of the 3 GeV storage ring. Emphasis is on resonant inelastic X-ray scattering at variable polarisation and very high resolution for first row elements at the K edge, 3d transition elements at the L edge, for lanthanides at the M edge, and for actinides at the N edge. This beamline will enable several new activities in applied and fundamental research, nanoscience, and materials science, as well as related disciplines.At the 2007 Workshop "Science at MAX IV" the localisation of an ARPES branchline was proposed, due to the highly similar demands on beamline performance as well as to the expected synergies for the user community.
Contact persons Jan-Erik Rubensson, Uppsala University Oscar Tjernberg, Royal Institute of Technology (KTH) Last modified: 2010-02-11 Beamline 6 Ultrasoft X-ray Scattering BeamlineUltrasoft X-ray scattering beamline:Low-energy (20-250 eV) at the 1.5 GeV ring at MAX IV [3p edges of TM:s, Si 2p, Al 2p, S 2p, 4d lanthanides, 5d actenides]. Description This beamline is designed to deliver ultra-high resolution, high intensity X-rays in the range 20 to 250 eV with variable polarization making full use of the very low emittance of the 1.5 GeV storage ring. The emphasis is on resonant inelastic X-ray scattering (RIXS) with variable polarization and meV resolution for photon energies covering the M edges of the 3d transition elements, the 4d edges of the rare earths and the 5d edges of the actinides as well as the 2p edges of Al, Si and S. The beamline should also provide a very competitive source for new activities for several new activities in applied and fundamental research, nanoscience, materials science, chemical physics and related disciplines. The beamline should be provided with a monochromator with very high resolution (1 meV @ 75 eV and better than 10 meV at 250 eV) and a refocusing arrangement that yields a spot of the order of 1 micron. The optical design needs to be such that the photon energy distribution over the beam on the sample is as sharp as possible without pronounced tails in order to resolve very low energy loss features close to the elastic scattering signal. Technical data
Contact person Martin Magnusson , Linköping University Last modified: 2010-02-11 Beamline 7 New Beamline for PEEM/NanoXPS and XMCDWe suggest an undulator beamline that offers PEEM/NanoXPS combined with XMCD. Important is to explore the possibility to vary the flux. NanoXPS requires a minimum of 1012 photons/mm2sec (which the BL should cover) and the beamline should allow for XMCD measurements of molecular layers that are susceptible towards radiation damage.Contact person Anders Sandell , Uppsala University Relocated Soft X-ray BeamlinesLast modified: 2010-02-18 For the “solid state” beamlines we have 2 water cooled SX700’s (I311 and I511old) ~3 end stations (D1011, I311 Scienta, I511 surface science station) with the comment that the I311 Scienta analyzer has a non-optimum lens system with lower solid angle acceptance and worse angular resolution. Thus this analyzer should be decommissioned. The new undulators at I311 (planar) and I511 (EPU) can most likely also be used. These components can be combined in new ways and new instrumentation can be added. Below is one suggestion:D1011 transferredPhotoemission and absorption spectroscopy.This goes on a bend magnet. The existing D1011 Scienta endstation + possible upgrade of XAS detectors. Note that there will be no bump, thus there will be only linearly polarized light. The use of a dipole magnet is beneficial to radiation sensitive systems and for all types of absorption measurements that include scanning the photon energy. It is possible to put in a second branch by going straight through the experimental chamber should be kept open. Branching before the first experimental chamber does not seem realistic due to the monochromator optics. Contact person Anders Sandell, Uppsala University I311 monochromator transferredPlanar undulator (The new I311 undulator could be used)Endstations: 1) A surface science station Combining equipment and ideas from the I311 Scienta chamber with, for instance, the newer Scienta analyzer from 511. This should be a simple to use chamber with a differential pumping like at I311 towards the beamline. It might be interesting to include a molecular beam for gas-dosing including of course possibilities for exciting the molecules in the gas with e.g, lasers. 2) A new high pressure photoemission end station. This end station will also allow UHV measurements in the 10-10 torr range. It has been suggested that this beamline is moved to the 3 GeV ring due to the large increase in intensity at photon energies around 1 keV. This solution will require a new monochromator and a new undulator. These will be similar to those at Beamline 4 and Beamline 5 described above with an energy range of 200-2000 eV. This 3 GeV solution is the preferred working option at present. Contact person Joachim Schnadt, Lund University I511 old monochromator transferredElliptically Polarized Undulator (before the closing of operation of MAX II we use the old planar I511 undulator, later we change to the 511new EPU). Not requesting 100% polarization (and using the 5th undulator harmonic) of the light should make it possible to get up about 1 keV in non-linear polarization experiments.Endstations: 1) The magnetic chamber from D1011 could be put here with possibilities for XMCD and element-specific hysteresis measurements (electron and/or photon detection). 2) Photoemission system using a large hemispherical analyzer and including a fully motorized and automated goniometer to also facilitate band mapping or photoemission and X-ray Emission Spectroscopy system directed towards samples of more "applied" nature. 3) Coherent imaging/diffraction facility. Because of the lower amount of coherent radi1tion at the 1.5 GeV ring this will have lower performance than on the 3 GeV ring. Still it will be a valuable test facility and should also be sufficient for many experiments. Contact person Lars Johansson, Karlstad University I411 Gas-phase transferredAt the 1.5 GeV ring, gas phase activities will continue at a relocated I411 beamline, using the same undulator, optics, and endstation. This will facilitate a fast start of these activities at the new ring. The focus will here be on the lower energy range, covering the important range covering the K-edge of Li, relevant for battery research, the L-edge of Si, etc.Contact person Maxim Tchaplyguine, MAX-lab IR, UV and VUV BeamlinesLast modified: 2010-02-03 Two infrared beamlines on the 1.5 GeV ring, MAX IVThe infrared beam line at MAX-lab is one of the pioneering beamlines in the field along with Brookhaven in the US and LURE in France. The high-resolution infrared beamline at MAX I was the first to demonstrate the feasibility of synchrotron light for high resolution experiments. Today infrared beamlines are found or are planed at 27 different light sources around the world and at least 7 of them will offer high-resolution endstations. In practice, SR light is also the only continuous light source in the far-infrared region. In this region relative motion between molecules can be studied. For instance the hydrogen bond of a water dimer is the archetype for aqueous hydrogen bonding and as such holds the key to many of the remarkable properties of water. The intermolecular vibrational modes of seven the different isotopes mixtures (HDO/HDO D2O/HDO etc ... ), isotopologues, in the dimer was for the first time experimentally determined on this beamline. This motion was previously experimentally determined for the H2O/H2O dimer only.One beamline will be set up for infrared spectroscopy and one beamline will set up for high spatial resolution in real space, infrared microspectroscopy. The former will offer high spectral resolution and access to the THz or far-infrared region using two different spectrometers. High-resolution and Far-infrared spectroscopyHigh-resolution spectrometerSpectral range: 600 - 50 000 cm-1, resolution < 0.001cm-1 Scientific Opportunities: Fundamental studies intramolecular vibrations at maximum resolution Gas phase studies of rare compounds in atmospheric chemistry Collisional cooling of gas phase molecules Molecular beam, super sonic jets, studies of molecular complexes, e.g. water Far-infrared spectrometer Spectral range: 5 - 10 0000 cm-1, resolution: 0.07 cm-1 Equipped with step scan and rapid scan facilities, high stability Scientific Opportunities: Low-temperature, below 2.8 K, molecular clusters Pump-probe experiments, laser pumped High pressure experiments, GPa region Low-temperature surface far infrared spectroscopy Infrared microspectroscopy or chemical microscopyToday 27 different light sources are offering infrared beamlines and most of them will be equipped with endstations for infrared microscopy. The technique makes it possible to make images in real space, typically 350 x 350 micrometers. These images have a spatial resolution down to 10x10 micrometers and shows the spatial distribution of different chemical species on a samples without any special preparation.This endstation is already in operation an will be moved from MAX III to MAX IV. Microscope Hyperion 3000, Infrared spectrometer Bruker 66v spectral range: 10 - 10 0000 cm-1, resolution: 0.25 cm-1 Scientific Opportunities: Biology (cholesterol in mouse brain) Pharmaceutical science (studies of human skin model systems) Geology (preservation of biomolecules over deep time) Material Science (indoor corrosion of copper) Atmospheric chemistry (surface chemistry of levitate small particles ~ 10 - 50 micrometer in vacuum) Combustion chemistry (chemical properties of sooth particles) Environmental chemistry (surface adsorption on Birch pollens) Fast track analysis of materials for industry Archeology (studies of wood) Contact person Per Uvdal, Chemical Physics, Lund University Last modified: 2010-02-01 Relocating beamline I3 on MAX IIIBeamline I3 is an ultra high resolution normal incidence monochromator beamline (5-50 eV) with a resolving power of more than 100000 and sourced by an apple type variable polarization undulator. There are two branch lines: One branch line is used for photoelectron spectroscopy on solids using an experimental station for high resolution angle resolved photoemission, including spin detection. An on-line III-V MBE system is also available. A second branch line (FINEST – built by the Finnish-Estonian collaboration) is equipped with a differential pumping stage to allow for gas phase measurements and it is constructed for easy exchange of end-stations. Its main use is for atomic and molecular spectroscopy and luminescence measurements.This monochromator will be competitive for more than a decade with some upgrades of the end stations and beamline. Since MAX III shut down is imminet when MAX IV is built, it is a natural to move I3 on to the 1.5 GeV ring. The main concern of this move is the increased heat load. Preliminary calculations using a typical undulator and a typical acceptance angle show that the heat load on the first mirror increases by a factor of 10 and heat loads on subsequent optical elements down stream will be similar to MAX III. We need further investigations on how to manage these heat loads. Apart from all the pre-optics, one must replace the present undulator as this would not cover the energy range when moved to the 1.5 GeV ring. Contact person Balasubramanian Thiagarajan, MAX-lab Last modified: 2010-02-15 Beamline I4 on MAX IIIBeamline I4 is a spherical grating monochromator beamline with energy range 13-200 eV, which has been moved from the bending magnet on MAX I (beamline 33) to a planar undulator on MAX III. The beamline is used for angle resolved and shallow core level photoelectron spectroscopy from solids.We suggest to build a new beamline with a wider energy range (10-350eV) with high energy resolution and higher order suppression. This type of monochromator has already been made at other synchrotrons, so this is a realistic possibility. Higher energy core levels could be accessed (e.g. carbon). Presently, some of the users on I4 also work on the soft x-ray beamlines to study core levels with high resolution. In a typical beamtime more time is spent on the sample preparations than on data collection. A beamline with a wider energy range and higher energy resolution over the entire energy range would not only save time and give users a competitive edge, but also reduce the load on other beamlines. Last but not the least, this would allow for a very quick transfer from MAX III to the 1.5 GeV ring thereby reducing the dead time. Contact person Roger Uhrberg, Linköping University Ultrafast hard X-ray BeamlineLast modified: 2010-02-03 Ultrafast hard X-ray BeamlineThe Ultrafast hard X-ray beamline is the first beamline at the Short-Pulse Facility SPF which uses the short electron bunches which are available from the Linear Accelerator. The beamline is designed to accommodate a wide range of ultrafast experiments and have two separate end-stations. The front end station uses undulator radiation which and is designed primarily for diffraction experiments. The back end station is optimized for EXAFS experiments using wiggler radiation. The beamline is designed for pump-probe experiments using visible pump radiation from a femtosecond laser which is synchronized to the electron bunches from the LINAC. Hard X-ray probes will allow for time-resolved structural determinations on the femtosecond time-scale.
Contact person Jörgen Larsson, Atomic Physics, Lund University New ProposalsLast modified: 2010-02-08 Microfocus X-ray Spectroscopy BeamlineThe beamline is intended for high-resolution microfocus spectroscopy on samples in the energy range 3.5 - 25 keV. The beamline will facilitate resonant inelastic scattering (RIXS), non-resonant inelastic X-ray scattering (NIXS), resonant Raman spectroscopy (RRS), X-Ray Raman scattering (XRS), X-ray emission spectroscopy (XES), and high-resolution XANES/high-energy-resolution fluorescence-detected absorption (HERFD) spectroscopy.Photon energy range 3.5-25 keV Source In-vacuum undulator Monochromator Heat-load monochromator with interchangeable Si (111) and Si (311) crystals, retractable high-resolution four-bounce post-monochromator with several sets of crystals Energy resolution ΔE/E ~ 10-4 (Si 111), ~ 10-5 (Si 311), ~ 10-6 (high-resolution monochromator) Spot size ~150 x 300 µm2 (v x h) Microfocus ~1x1 µm2 using KB mirrors Polarization Linear (circular with phase retarders) Equipment X-ray fluorescence spectrometer with five analyzer-crystals, rotatable to facilitate measurements at various momentum-transfer. Conventional and high-sensitivity fluorescence detectors. Sample chamber for in-situ measurements. Cryostat for measurements down to ~10 K. Contact person Sergei Butorin, Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University Last modified: 2010-02-15 X-ray Photon Correlation SpectroscopyX-ray Photon Correlation Spectroscopy (XPCS) beamline at the 3GeV ring at MAX IV will be world leading thanks to outstanding specifications of the synchrotron source concerning emittance and brilliance. The low emittance results in an increase in the beam coherence with at least one order in magnitude. This leads to a significant improvement of the contrast in the experiment enabling studies of weakly scattering processes and systems, complex geometries and sample environments and smaller beam/sample sizes. In XPCS the partial coherence of the X-ray beam is utilised to study dynamics in time domain by following the intensity fluctuation of the scattered light. The intensity-intensity autocorrelation function calculated from the scattering is directly related to the intermediate scattering function S(Q,t) reflecting the dynamics in the material. XPCS provides information on mesoscopic dynamics (~10-3 – 1 Å-1) over large time scales (10-8-103 s), a region not accessible by any other technique. Examples of research areas that can be addressed are: systems with a heterogeneous microstructure and/or dynamics, polymers, non-Newtonian fluids, colloids, liquid crystals, capillary waves polymer surfaces and of thin polymer films, protein and bio-membrane dynamics, charge density waves, and dynamic critical phenomena. Thus the user community is expected to include researchers from physics, chemistry, biotechnology, and biology. A co-location of XPCS beamline with a coherent imaging/diffraction station could be of high interest forming a critical mass for exploitation of coherent X-ray scattering techniques at MAX IV. Guiding beamline specifications:
Photon energy
Source
Spot size
Optics Contact persons Aleksandar Matic, Chalmers University of Technology Yngve Cerenius, MAX-lab |
